Everything about Herbert Bayer totally explained
Herbert Bayer (
1900 –
1985) was an
Austrian
graphic designer, painter, photographer, and
architect.
Bayer apprenticed under the artist
Georg Schmidthammer in
Linz. Leaving the workshop to study at the
Darmstadt Artists' Colony, he became interested in
Walter Gropius's
Bauhaus manifesto. After Bayer had studied for four years at the
Bauhaus under such teachers as
Wassily Kandinsky and
László Moholy-Nagy, Gropius appointed Bayer director of
printing and
advertising.
In the spirit of reductive minimalism, Bayer developed a crisp visual style and adopted use of all-lowercase,
sans serif typefaces for most Bauhaus publications. Bayer is one of several typographers of the period including
Kurt Schwitters and
Jan Tschichold who experimented with the creation of a simplified more phonetic-based alphabet. Bayer designed the 1925 geometric sans-serif typeface,
universal, now issued in digital form as
Architype Bayer which bears comparison with the stylistically related typeface
Architype Schwitters.
In 1928, Bayer left the Bauhaus to become
art director of
Vogue magazine's
Berlin office. He remained in Germany far later than most other progressives, and did work for the Nazi Party. In 1936 he designed a brochure for the Deutschland Ausstellung, an exhibition for tourists in Berlin during the 1936 Olympic Games - the brochure celebrated life in the
Third Reich, and the authority of Hitler. In 1938 he left Germany and settled in
New York City where he'd a long and distinguished career in nearly every aspect of the graphic arts. In 1944 Bayer married Joella Syrara Haweis, the daughter of poet
Mina Loy.
In 1946 the Bayers relocated. Hired by industrialist and visionary
Walter Paepcke, Bayer moved to
Aspen, Colorado as Paepcke promoted skiing as a popular sport. Bayer's architectural work in the town included co-designing the
Aspen Institute and restoring the
Wheeler Opera House, but his production of promotional posters identified skiing with wit, excitement, and glamour. Bayer would remain associated with Aspen until the mid-1970s. Bayer gave the
Denver Art Museum a collection of around 8,000 of his works.
In 1959, he designed his "fonetik alfabet", a
phonetic alphabet, for English. It was sans-serif and without capital letters. He had special symbols for the endings
-ed,
-ory,
-ing, and
-ion, as well as the
digraphs "ch", "sh", and "ng". An underline indicated the doubling of a consonant in traditional orthography.
Bayer's works appear in prominent public and private collections including the MIT List Visual Arts Center.
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